- Also referred to as contrast ratios
- Comparing the key to fill yields the lighting ratio
- Formula for lighting ratio: key PLUS fill divided by fill alone
- 1:1 no difference (very flat)
- 2:1 One f-stop (high key)
- 3:1 One and 2/3 f-stops
- 4:1 Two f-stops (low key)
- 8:1 Three f-stops (very low key, pushing the latitude of color negative film)