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1

If other alternatives are unavailable, this can be accomplished by installing a SOHO router/firewall in between the network and the host to be protected.

11

Install and use the yum-security plugin.
To install the plugin run:

yum install yum-security

To list all updates that are security relevant, and get a reutrn code on whether there are security updates use:

yum --security check-update

To apply updates that are security relevant use:

yum --security update

15

A simple way to disable the GUI is to change the default run level. Edit the file /etc/inittab. Look for the line that contains the following:

id:5:initdefault: 

Replace the "5" with "3". The line will then read:

id:3:initdefault: 

Add the following line to the /etc/sysctl.conf file:

kernel.randomize_va_space = 2	

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Disable any xinetd services you do not absolutely require by setting "disable=yes" in /etc/xinetd.d/*.

Configure TCP wrappers for access control.
Edit /etc/hosts.deny to include this entry as the first uncommented line in the file: ALL:ALL
Ensure /etc/hosts.allow is edited appropriately to allow the administrator(s) to connect.
Verify that you have disabled any unnecessary startup scripts under /etc, /etc/rc*.d, or /etc/init.d (or startup script directory for your system) and disabled any unneeded services from starting in these scripts.

Unnecessary services can be disabled with:

$ sudo chkconfig off

To check what services are listening use: 

$ lsof 	\| grep '*:' 

or:

$ sudo netstat \--tulp

Much more detailed information regarding services is available in the CIS benchmark documents.

Red Hat also provides a text-based interface for changing startup services: ntsysv

For example, the command

ntsysv \--level 345

configures runlevels 3, 4, and 5.

If no xinetd services are required, disable xinetd altogether:

sudo service xinetd stop; sudo chkconfig xinetd off

25

Red Hat comes with iptables. Below is a list of some iptables resources:
http://firehol.sourceforge.net
http://sourceforge.net/projects/fwbuilder
http://www.simonzone.com/software/guarddog

If you decide to utilize SSH, the ISO highly recommends the following:

• Change the port from port 22 to something/anything else. There are scripts online that malicious hackers can use against an SSH server. These scripts almost always only attack port 22 since most people do not change the default port.
• Use SSH2 (by setting Protocol 2 in the sshd_config file) as it remediates many vulnerabilities from SSH1.
• Restrict access to the SSH port using a hardware or software firewall.Do not allow root logins via SSH.

• If possible, use keys with passphrase instead of just passwords. To create rsa keys, follow these commands:

  Code Block
  ssh-keygen \--t rsa ssh server "mkdir .ssh; chmod 0700 .ssh" scp ./ssh/ida_rsa.pub server:.ssh/authorized_keys2

• The CIS Solaris Benchmark covers some suggested basic settings to place in the configuration file.
  You may also want to visit the SSL Web site.

There is a license fee for Tripwire. The Tripwire management console can be very helpful for managing more complex installations.
AIDE is a free tool available from SourceForge.
SamHain is another free tool, as is OSSEC HIDS.

INFO is a basic logging level that will capture user login and logout activity. Other logging levels may be used, but may generate more noise. The DEBUG logging level is not recommended for production servers.

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There is a license fee for Tripwire. The Tripwire management console can be very helpful for managing more complex installations.
AIDE is a free tool available from SourceForge.
SamHain is another free tool, as is OSSEC HIDS.

Many resources exist for understanding and configuring SELinux:

• http://www.selinuxproject.org/page/Main_Page
• https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/SELinux_Users_and_Administrators_Guide/

SELinux is enabled by default with RHEL systems and should not be disabled unless absolutely necessary.

40

ITS Networking operates two stratum 2 NTPv4 (NTP version 4) servers for network time synchronization services for university network administrators.network administrators.

Splunk licenses are available through ITS at no charge. ITS also maintains a centrally-managed Splunk service that may be leveraged.

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• Check in /etc/sudoers to see who has sudo rights
• Check in /etc/groups to see what groups your users belong to
• Check in /etc/passwd and/or /etc/shadow for blank passwords
• Check the strength of users' passwords with tools such as John the Ripper
• Seek approval from IT Owner. Consider using a simple dictionary for easily guessed passwords.
• Develop a procedure to report and remediate easily guessed passwords.

Ensure the following are set in /etc/pam.d/other:

• auth  required pam_deny.so
• auth   required pam_warn.so
• account  required pam_deny.so
• account  required pam_warn.so
• password  required pam_deny.so
• password  required pam_warn.so
• session  required pam_deny.so
• session  required pam_warn.so
• session  required pam_deny.so

Warn will report alerts to syslog.

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To require strong passwords, in compliance with section 5.18 of the Information Resources Use and Security Policy:

For RHEL 6:

In /etc/pam.d/system-auth, add or change the file as required to read:

password   required     pam_cracklib.so retry=3 difok=5 minlen=8 lcredit=-1 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1
password   sufficient   pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok remember=10
password   required     pam_deny.so
password   required     pam_warn.so

For RHEL 7:

In /etc/security/pwquality.conf, add:

difok = 5
minlen = 8
minclass = 1
maxrepeat = 0
maxclassrepeat = 0
lcredit = -1
ucredit = 0
dcredit = -1
ocredit = -1
gecoscheck = 1

In /etc/pam.d/system-auth, add or change the file as required to read:

password    required    pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only retry=3 authtok_type=
password    sufficient  pam_unix.so sha512 shadow try_first_pass use_authtok remember=10
password    required    pam_deny.so

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Ensure that the terminal security file (for example, /etc/securetty or /etc/ttys) is configured to deny privileged (root) access. On a Red Hat box, this means that no virtual devices (such as /dev/pty*) appear in this file.

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The text of the university's official warning banner can be found on the ITS Web site. You may add localized information to the banner as long as the university banner is included.

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The text of the university's official warning banner can be found on the ITS Web site. You may add localized information to the banner as long as the university banner is included.

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There are few viruses that infect Linux computers; therefore, it is understandable for most Linux servers to have an exception to this rule. See the Operations Manual for information on the exception process.

You may choose any proven anti-virus product. One option is ClamAV.

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There are few viruses that infect Linux computers; therefore, it is understandable for most Linux servers to have an exception to this rule. See the Operations Manual for information on the exception process.

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There are a variety of methods available to provide encrypted storage. Two good candidates are LUKS and GNUPG (free).