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Accessible Tables: A PowerPoint presentation by Michael Molina, Oklahoma DOT, June 9, 2021. https://transportation.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=61899149
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| Avoid inserting a table as an image. If inserting a table as an image, it must be given alt-text just like any other image. Images containing text must contain–verbatim–all of the text contained in the image. A non-sighted reader must be able to obtain the exact information that a sighted reader can. For TRB paper submissions, inserting a table as an image is grounds for an automatic desk rejection. |
Alternative Text
Non-text content (images and equations) must include alt text that screen readers can use to describe the content.
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Before finalizing a document, screenshot and re-insert multi-component charts, graphs, equations, or Smart Art graphics so that alt-text can be added to describe the whole image instead of writing alt-text for each individual component (e.g., chart lines, arrows, photo collages, photos with overlay drawings, etc) |
Images
Detailed Guide to Alt-text best practices (includes comparisons of good versus unacceptable alt-text):
Social Security Administration Guide: Alternate text for images
Year: [2010]
Online Access: (2010) https://www.ssa.gov/accessibility/files/SSA_Altern... (4.3 MB)
Mathematical symbols, calculations
- Penn State Guidance for accessible equations (including LaTeX guidance): https://accessibility.psu.edu/math/equations/
- Michigan DOT guidance handout (11 pages): https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT-Research-Accessibility-Guidelines_658743_7.pdf
- Accessibility: Equations: MathML, Images and LaTeX (PennState): https://accessibility.psu.edu/math/equations/Mathspeak
Mathspeak (examples of shorthand for use in alt-text): https://www.seewritehear.com/accessible-mathml/mathspeak/examples/quick-tutorial/index.php?verbosity=b&explicitness=0&interp=all
Tip For complex equations that include matrices, layout, nested fractions, etc., It could be helpful to review samples the MathSpeak super-brief semantics to incorporate shorthand alt-text like
"StartFrac"/"EndFrac" bookends for identifying complex fractions https://www.seewritehear.com/accessible-mathml/mathspeak/examples/grammar-rules/?rule=fractions&description=Fractions&id=7
"StartRoot"/"EndRoot" bookends for identifying square root calculations https://www.seewritehear.com/accessible-mathml/mathspeak/examples/grammar-rules/?rule=radicals&description=Radicals&id=9
"l-par"/"r-par" or "l-brace"/"r-brace" for left- and right-parentheses or left- and right-braces
"StartSet"/"EndSet"
"Sub"/"Base" and "Sup"/"Base" for identifying the beginning and end of complex subscripts and superscripts, and "SupSup" to identify a superscript within a superscript: https://www.seewritehear.com/accessible-mathml/mathspeak/examples/grammar-rules/?rule=scripts&description=Superscripts%20and%20Subscripts&id=8
"ModAbove"/"With" and "ModBelow"/"With" to indicate modifiers: https://www.seewritehear.com/accessible-mathml/mathspeak/examples/grammar-rules/?rule=stacked&description=Modifiers%20and%20Stacked%20Expressions&id=11
- Describing Matrices and binomials: https://www.seewritehear.com/accessible-mathml/mathspeak/examples/grammar-rules/?rule=linearalg&description=Linear%20Algebra&id=15
Color Contrast
Color contrast between background and text must be compliant to WCAG 2.0 Level AA standards, at a minimum. See A11y Color Palette, WebAIM Contrast Checker, Paciello Group's Colour Contrast Analyser.
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